Two years ago I drove from Vancouver to San Francisco with stops in Seattle and Portland. It had been several years since I had visited them and what I saw was distressing. The prevalence of homelessness, neighbourhoods under siege, panhandling and open drug use was shocking. In Seattle the worst examples were in the Capital Hill district and in Portland, that I always thought of as a kind of bucolic little oasis, they seemed almost everywhere in the downtown. San Francisco had also changed for the worse and streets and neighbourhoods that had been vibrant and safe were anything but. For those of you familiar with San Francisco the most shocking example for me was in the few blocks of Sutter immediately west of Union Square. This was an area that had been filled with galleries, boutique hotels and upscale restaurants and bars. It was the area I stayed in on my frequent visits to the city in the seventies and eighties but now it had the feel of neglect with boarded up store fronts, panhandlers, the smell of urine and, for lack of a better term, street people everywhere. It was as if the Tenderloin had migrated north although I suspect it was even worse there.
As Canadians we like to think we handle things better than Americans, particularly when it comes to social order and civic involvement. However, if that’s what we think on this issue, we’ve got it wrong. Canadian cities are having the same struggles with poverty, homelessness, drug addiction and the destruction of neighbourhoods as our American neighbours.
While I believe these problems exist to a greater or lesser extent in all Canada’s major cities, I suspect they are most acute in Vancouver and Victoria because of climate. They are the only two Canadian cities where it is possible to live outside year round. I have lived in Vancouver for sixty years, with nearly fifty of them on the downtown peninsula. In that time I have seen enormous changes as the city strove to make the downtown a place where people could both live and work. It had a head start with the West End which had been filled with rooming houses since the early twentieth century and was then transformed in the late fifties and early sixties as successive city councils supported the replacement of those old houses with high rises. By today’s standards they really weren’t that high although I remember when it was claimed that the density in the West End of Vancouver was exceeded in North America only by Manhattan. And it provided a large, affordable rental housing stock for the downtown workforce, all within walking distance.
Subsequent development in Vancouver continued to pursue this objective as the Downtown South, Yaletown, Coal Harbour and False Creek South and North neighbourhoods were built, this time focussing primarily on co-op’s, leaseholds and condominiums. A distinctive style appeared that came to be known as the Vancouver Style. It consists of single highrises anchored by pedestals of street level town houses. It got noticed and Vancouverites were proud of what they were accomplishing, especially when other cities emulated it. The goal was to create a downtown that remained a vital alive neighbourhood even at night and on weekends and, to some extent, it has. Although this new housing is expensive, the city added non market housing amongst these developments. It has also insisted on amenities that appeal to families to make the new neighbourhoods family friendly and mixed. In response, thousands of people have moved into these neighbourhoods, whether downsizing from stand alone houses, new arrivals to the city or first time buyers.
Partly in response to price pressures, developers also began similar neighbourhoods further east and north of the downtown core, specifically in Gastown, which is the original city centre, Chinatown and on the Eastern shore of False Creek which, for those of you not familiar with Vancouver, is the smaller of Vancouver’s two harbours.
While all this was happening something else was going on that would ultimately threaten and potentially defeat the goal of creating viable neighbourhoods in the city’s core. The Downtown East Side is the neighbourhood strung along Hastings Street for six to eight blocks beginning just east of Main Street and tapering off the further west you go. It has long been the poorest postal code in Canada and, in fact, may have been the neighbourhood that first led to the term “skid row” (for reasons that are interesting but not germane to this blog). When I was growing up in Vancouver it was considered seedy but still basically safe. It had a number of down market hotels that catered to single men who worked on the waterfront or in mining, forestry or fishing and who came to Vancouver intermittently. There were beer parlors where the police would often be called but, on the whole, the neighbourhood didn’t intrude too much into the rest of the city. It’s unclear when that changed although there is a theory it may have started, or at least been accelerated, by governments’ decisions in the seventies and eighties to deinstitutionalize many people suffering from mental disorders, with them subsequently congregating in that neighbourhood. Also, Vancouver’s rapidly rising property prices almost certainly drove people to find shelter in the neighbourhood that, for obvious reasons, remained relatively inexpensive.
And now the Downtown Eastside is a massive malignant and metastisizing tumor on Vancouver’s carefully nurtured pristine image of ocean, mountains, parks, flowers and happy middle class families. It is a civic and national disgrace, an open drug market and the incubator of property crime all over the city. Driving down those few blocks of Hastings Street is simply unbelievable with blocks and blocks that could have been taken directly from the “Bonfire of the Vanities” or, worse, the most pestulent, poverty stricken and desperate slums in the world. And all this just a short walk from the new glamorous family friendly neighbourhoods.
Not surprisingly, the chaos and anti social behaviour is spreading and as it spreads it threatens to unravel the threads of civility, safety and civic mindedness that are the glue that holds any great city together. The neighbourhoods closest to the Downtown Eastside have already been destroyed or are under extreme threat. The vibrant Chinatown that, in my youth, was billed as the second largest in North America after San Francisco’s and was filled with exotic shops and restaurants complete with giant neon signs is a ghost of its former self, its residents having fled to the safety of the suburbs. Gastown, the quaint center of the original city, is under constant pressure and never quite makes it to the next step of livability. And now Strathcona, the first neighbourhood of Vancouver that, having survived threats of demolition for a freeway in the seventies and then slowly, methodically been restored by individuals and families is seeing its main park occupied by a homeless encampment where drug dealing and use is rampant and where, if past is prologue, there will be assaults and worse in the days to come.
And anyone living elsewhere in the city who thinks their neighbourhood is immune from this disease is fooling themselves. I live on the North Shore of False Creek in a nice neighbourhood, in fact the oldest of the residential neighbourhoods on the south side of the downtown core. Twice in the past three days I witnessed people shooting up drugs not a block from my home and, frankly, didn’t find that surprising although a few years ago it would have been unthinkable. And even more recently, several men have set up a “chop shop” right under the Burrard Bridge opposite a daycare where they are dismantling bicycles in front of everyone. Even where neighbourhoods are not yet colonized, the open sore of the Downtown Eastside sends out its tentacles disbursing chaos and disorder to many other parts of the city. Drug addicts, the mentally unstable and others who, for whatever reason, are living outside of society fill the city’s streets as panhandlers, scavengers and, yes, thieves.
I don’t know why we have tolerated this for so long but I do know it can no longer be ignored. Politicians going back decades have had “solutions” to the problems of the Downtown Eastside. Except none of them has worked, perhaps because none of them was prepared to fully confront what was going on there. We have focused on safe injection sites, a safe supply of drugs and providing more and more social housing, none of which gets to the root of the problem. While I certainly agree it is important to do what we can to ensure people do not die from injecting unsafe drugs and, to the best of our ability, we must try to ensure people have adequate shelter, the real question is why have we tolerated the out of control Vancouver drug scene and associated crime for so long?
I believe it’s because our liberal sensibilities block us from seeing these people as anything other than victims which may, of course, be the case although I suspect a similar argument can be made for most other people who break the law. And the simple fact is they are not the only victims in this situation nor, I would argue, the ones with the greatest claim to our sympathy. Everyone else who tries to lead a law abiding life in the city; who invests in their home; who pays taxes to support schools and playgrounds and, yes, the very services that are devoted in ever greater amounts to the people who, for whatever reason, have decided to place themselves out of society and create a world of chaos that threatens the stability and safety of everyone else, is a victim. Billions, yes billions with a “B”, have been spent and are being spent supporting the people of the Downtown Eastside and their confreres, much of it promptly injected into their bodies and into the pockets of local and International drug dealers.
So, what do we do? Well, for starters, we must reaffirm that laws are not suggestions. When a democratic society, through its elected legislatures and representatives, declares something to be illegal it is a prohibition and defying it should have negative consequences. And yet when it comes to drug use on the Downtown Eastside and elsewhere around the city we turn a blind eye, somehow making those doing it an exception to that fundamental building block of a successful society. I know that leads right into the demand that drug use be legalized; that possession of small amounts of hard drugs be deemed acceptable. But how would that help the problems we see as a result of drug use? It wouldn’t and is a cop out.
I am told we don’t have enough police resources to enforce the current laws; that the courts couldn’t cope with the huge increase in cases; and that the correctional system is simply not equipped to play its role.
Then hire more police, perhaps a special unit specifically trained to deal with the unique problems we are confronting.
Then increase the capacity of the court system, perhaps creating a separate system dedicated to just this issue.
Then develop and build the institutions and facilities that will be needed.
Remember, we are already flushing billions down the drain.
I am also told there are legal, perhaps even Charter, obstacles to denying people their liberty this way. Well then, change the laws.
I’m not advocating that all drug users simply be tossed into jail, although that would be appropriate for the dealers. We need to be smarter than that. We need to create and support institutions that, while separating these people from society, are also equipped to help them with their mental and dependency issues. The simple fact is the drive to deinstitutionalize people with mental health issues has failed and the best evidence is found in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.
I’m not exaggerating when I say we are in danger of losing our cities; that the great experiment of bringing people back into cities’ cores will fail if we are unable to address the growing problem so well illustrated by Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. And, we must address it soon before the loss is irreversible.
Just sayin
G
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